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      April 26, 2019 am
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              <h2 id="Researchers-Find-Clues-that-Depression-May-Speed-Brain-Aging"><a href="#Researchers-Find-Clues-that-Depression-May-Speed-Brain-Aging" class="headerlink" title="Researchers Find Clues that Depression May Speed Brain Aging"></a>Researchers Find Clues that Depression May Speed Brain Aging</h2><p><em>Memory and thinking skills naturally slow with age. Scientists are now looking inside living brains to tell if <code>depression</code> might speed aging. The scientists report that some of the signs they have found are worrisome.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>随着年龄增长,人的记忆力和思维能力也随之减退.科学家正在研究活人大脑的内部情况,以判断抑郁症是否会加速大脑老化.科学家报告称,他们发现一些迹象令人十分担忧.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Depression has long been linked to some <code>cognitive</code> problems. Depression late in life even may increase the risk of developing <code>Alzheimer&#39;s disease</code>. Yet how depression might harm the ability to remember things and things and think clearly is not yet known.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>长期以来,抑郁症就与一些认知障碍相关联.在晚年,抑郁症甚至可能增加患增加<code>阿尔兹海默病</code>的风险.而然,关于抑郁症会如何损害记忆力及清晰的思维能力,目前尚不清楚.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>One pssibility : Brain cells communicate by sending messages across connections called <code>synapses</code>. Generally,good <code>cognition</code> is linked to more and stronger synapses. With a weakening of congnitive ability,those connections slowly <code>shrink</code> and die. But unitl recently,scientists could count synapses only in brain <code>tissue</code> collected after the person dies.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>一种可能是: 脑细胞间通过被称为突触的连接进行交流.一般来说,良好的认知能力表明突触数量多且强健.随着认知能力的退化,突触会慢慢萎缩并消亡.但直到最近,科学家还仅能通收集逝者的大脑组织来计算出突触的数量.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Yale University scientists used a new method to study the brains of living people. They discovered that patients with depression had a lower <code>density</code> of synapses than healthy people of the same age.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>耶鲁大学科学家采用了一种新方法来研究活人的大脑.他们发现,抑郁症患者的突触密度比同龄的健康人群要低.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>The lower the density,the more <code>severe</code> the signs of depression. Yele University <code>neuroscientist</code> Irna Esterlis says this is especially true of problems with loss of interest in activities patients once enjoyed. She spoke at a meeting of the American <code>Association</code> for the Advancement of Science.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>突触密度越低,患抑郁症的迹象越严重.耶鲁大学神经学家伊琳娜·埃斯特曾在美国科学促进会的一次会议发言上说: 病人对曾经喜欢的活动失去兴趣的问题尤其如此.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Esterlis was not studying just older adults,but people of all ages,including those too young for any <code>cognitive</code> changes to be noticeable. She was working from a <code>theory</code> that early damage can <code>build up</code>.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>埃斯特里并不仅仅是在研究老年人,而是所有年龄段的人群,包括那些非常年轻,无法注意到任何认知变化的人群.她的研究建立在”早起伤害会不断积累”这一理论上.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>*”We think depression might be accelerating the normal <code>aging</code>,”she said.*</p>
<ul>
<li><em>她说: “我们认为抑郁症可能正加速正常衰老.”</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Her studies are small. To prove if depression really does increase the risk of <code>cognitive</code> problem as we age would require more <code>investigation</code>. Jovier Evans is a scientist with the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health. He proposed a study of <code>synaptic</code> density on larger numbers of people as they get older,to see if and how it changes over time in those with and without depression.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>她进行的是小型研究.要证明随着年龄的增长,抑郁症确实会增加认知障碍的风险需要进行更多的调查.乔维尔·埃文斯是美国国家心理健康研究所的科学家.他提出一项研究: 针对更多的人群,研究他们随着年龄的增长,突触密度的变化,以此来判断在那些患抑郁症和无抑郁症的人群中,随着时间的推移,突触密度是否改变以及如何改变.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Eaterlis has announced plans for a larger study to do that. Volunteers would be injected with a <code>radioactive</code> <code>substance</code> that <code>links up</code> to a protein in the <code>vesicles</code>,or storage containers,used by synapses. Then each volunteer would be given an imaging test,known as a PET scan. During the test,areas with synapses light up,enabling researchers to see how many are in different parts of the brain.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>埃斯特里已宣布要进行大规模对的研究计划.志愿者将注射放射性物质,该物质与囊泡中的蛋白质或突触使用的储存容器相连.然后,每位志愿者将进行影像检查,也就是PET扫描.检查期间,突触区域会亮起来,这样研究人员就能够看到大脑的不同部位有多少突触.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Esterlis said there are no medications that <code>target</code> synapse damage.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>埃斯特里表示目前没有专门治疗突触损伤的药物.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Doctor Mary Sano directs the Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center in New York. She was not <code>involved in</code> the new research.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>玛丽·萨诺医生是纽约西奈山阿尔茨海默病研究中心的负责人.她没有参与这项新研究.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Sano warned that normal cognitive aging is <code>complex</code> process that involves other health problems,such as heart disease. It might be that depression does not worsen synaptic weakening. It could just makes the problem more noticeable,she said.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>萨诺提醒说,正常的认知衰退是个复杂的过程,设计其他健康问题,比如心脏病.也有可能抑郁症不会加速突触退化.她说,抑郁症可能只是让问题更显而易见.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>With depression “at any age,there’s a hit on the brain. At an older age hit may be more visible because there may already be some loss,” she explained.</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>患抑郁症 “在任何年纪,都会对大脑造成伤害.对较大年纪的人群而言,这种伤害可能更明显,因为他们的大脑可能已有一些损伤.”</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em>I’m Ashley Thompson.</em></p>
<h3 id="重点词汇"><a href="#重点词汇" class="headerlink" title="重点词汇"></a>重点词汇</h3><ol>
<li>cognition        <code>(n)</code>       认识,认识能力.</li>
<li>depression       <code>(n)</code>       抑郁症,精神忧郁.</li>
<li>Alzheimer        <code>(n)</code>       阿尔茨海默病.</li>
<li>synapse          <code>(n)</code>       突触.</li>
<li>tissue           <code>(n)</code>       组织.</li>
<li>density          <code>(n)</code>       密度.</li>
<li>neuroscientist   <code>(n)</code>       神经系统科学家.</li>
<li>association      <code>(n)</code>       协会,联盟.</li>
<li>theory           <code>(n)</code>       理论,原理.</li>
<li>aging           <code>(n)</code>       老化,陈化.</li>
<li>investigation   <code>(n)</code>       调查,调查研究.</li>
<li>substance       <code>(n)</code>       物质,实质.</li>
<li>vesicle         <code>(n)</code>       泡,囊.</li>
<li>target          <code>(n)</code>       目标,指标.</li>
<li>accelerate      <code>(a)</code>       加速,加快.</li>
<li>visible         <code>(a)</code>       看的见得.  </li>
<li>severe          <code>(a)</code>       严峻的,严厉的.</li>
<li>noticeable      <code>(a)</code>       显著的,显而易见的.</li>
<li>cognitive       <code>(a)</code>       认知的,认识的.</li>
<li>synaptic        <code>(a)</code>       突触的.</li>
<li>radioactive     <code>(a)</code>       [核]放射性的,有辐射的.</li>
<li>complex         <code>(a)</code>       复杂的,合成的.</li>
<li>shrink          <code>(v)</code>       收缩,畏缩.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="重点短语"><a href="#重点短语" class="headerlink" title="重点短语"></a>重点短语</h3><ol>
<li>build up : 增进,加强.</li>
<li>link up : 会合,连接.</li>
<li>involved in : 参与,涉及.</li>
</ol>

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